The Samson Creek Provisional School was opened in September 1874 and had an enrolment of 15. The first teacher was Mr William Skerman. During the next 50 years, the school moved site 3 times, until in 1925, it was moved to the present location, in close proximity to the Mount Samson Railway Station. From 25th June 1925, the school became known as State School - Mount Samson. There was an enrolment of 61 students.

The original school building still remains on the site. In late 2005 and early 2006 it was extensively renovated to repair terminate and structural damage. This building, which for generations was the only building on the site, is now being used as a classroom space and computer room.

For many years the school was a small two or three teacher school. However, in recent years many of the farms in the district have been subdivided and the area has seen as increase in population. Between 2002 and 2008 the school increased in student numbers from 84 to over 200.